The Muscular System.......BY Aveenash

                  THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

 

 

 

OUR MUSCLES

• Enable us to move our body parts.
• Give us to our individual shape.
• Protect and keep in place our abdominal organs.
• Enable to us good posture.
• Help in our circulation of blood.
• Generate body heat when contract.
• .

• TYPES OF MUSCLES

• Skeletal muscles

• Smooth Muscles

• Cardiac Muscles

   

  

   

• 1: Skeletal or Voluntary Muscles:

• They are under our conscious control.
• Attached to skeleton by Tendons.
• Causes movement of bones at joints.
• they are fatigue.
• Perform every day action such as: walking, runing, jumping.

• The major Skeletal Muscles:

• Deltoid, Biceps, Abdominals (4 muscles), Quadriceps (4 muscles), Pectorals, Latisimus dorsi, Trapizius, Triceps, Gluteals (3 muscles), Hamstrings (3 muscles), gastrocnemius.

• 2: Smooth or Involuntary Muscles:

  

• These Muscles work automatically- they are not our under consciuos control.
• Example: Muscles of  Digestive System. 
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• 3: Cardiac Muscles:

  

• Cardiac muscles are special type of involuntary muscles.
• It is only foundst in Heart.
• It contracts regularly, continuosly  and without tiring.
• It works automatically but is under constant Nervous and Chemical control.
• .

•  HOW DO OUR MUSCLES WORK?

• There are 3 main types of muscular contraction:

• Isotonic and Concentric

• Isotonic and Eccentric

• Isometric

• Isotonic and Concentric: Our muscles shorten as the contract.

  

• Example: The bicep during a pull-up.
• Most Sporting Movements are this type.

• Isotonic and Eccentric: Our muscles lengthen as they contract  under tension.

• Example: The bicep when we lower down from a pull-up.

• Isometric:  Our muscles stay the same length as they contract.

• There is no movement , so the ends of muscles stay the same distance apart.
• Example: Our Shoulder Muscles during a tug of war.
• .

• MUSCLES CAN WORK AS:

• Flexors: Contracting to bend our joints.
  
• Extensors: Contracting to straighten joints
  .
• Prime moovers (Agonists): Contracting to start a movement.
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• Antagonists: Relaxing to allow movement to take place.

• Fixators: contracting to give the working muscles a firm base.
  
• Synergists:  Stablising the area around the prime mover  and fine tuning our movement.

•            MOVEMENT OF MUSCLES:

• Origin: The attachement of muscles to the bone that remains stationary.
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• Insertion: The attachement of muscle to the bone that moves.

• Belly: The fleshy part of muscle between the tendons of origin and/ or insertion..

•          Muscles Disorders, Diseases and Injuries:

   

• 1: CRAMPS: 

                     Involve sudden and violent muscles contractions. A person may experience painful cramps of certain skeletal muscles and smooth muscles.
  
  
  

• 2: MUSCLE SORENESS/Muscle strain:  

                  Hard muscular may cause skeletal muscles become sore. In severe cases . the soreness may last up to four days. The muscle soreness may be due to the damage in muscle and connective tissue.
  
  
  

• 3: Muscle Diseases/Disorders: 

• a: Atrophy:

                Diseases and damages the Brain or nerves that stimulate muscles.
  
  
  
  

• b: Muscular dystrophy:  

               Is a serious disease that directly affects muscles. It weakness the skeletal  muscles.
  
  
  
  

  BY: Aveenash